Simple Info For Ip
00.36 | Author: Free 4 All
IP ADDRESS STRUCTURE:

Note: the terms multicast address and MSB are explained at the end.



Every station on a PSN (packet switched network) that is based on the TCP/IP
protocol (your computer is one, for example. Yes, we're referring to a host
that is connected to the net) must have an IP address, so it can be identified,
and information can be relayed and routed to it in an orderly fashion.



An IP address consists of a 32 bit logical address. The address is divided
into two fields:



1) The network address:
Assigned by InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center).
In fact most ISPs (internet service providers) purchase a number of addresses
and assign them individually.



2) The host address:
An address that identifies the single nodes throughout the network. It can be assigned
by the network manager, by using protocols for it such as DHCP, or the workstation itself.

[The IP networking protocol is a logically routed protocol, meaning that address 192.43.54.2
will be on the same physical wire as address 192.43.54.3 (of course this is not always true. It depends on the

subnet mask of the network, but all of that can fill a text of its own)

IP address structure:

---.---.---.---

^ ^
| |
network | host

Every " --- " = 8 bits.
The first bits ===> network address
The last bits ===> host address.
with 8 bits you can present from 0-255 . (binary=(2 to the power of 8)-1)

Example:
11000010.01011010.00011111.01001010 (binary)
194.90.31.74 (decimal)
IP address CLASSES :
We can classify IP addreses to 5 groups. You can distinguish them by comparing the "High Order" bits (the first four bits on the
left of the address):

type | model | target | MSB |addr.range |bit number| max.stations|
| | groups| | |net./hosts | |
------|--------|--------|-----|--------------|----------|-------------|
A |N.h.h.h | ALL | 0 | 1.0.0.0 | 24/7 | 16,777,214 |
| | ACCEPT | | to | | |
| | HUGE | | 127.0.0.0 | | |
| | CORPS | | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|N.N.h.h | TO ALL | 10 | 128.1.00 | 16/14 | 65,543 |
B | | LARGE | | to | | |
| | CORPS | | 191.254.00 | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|N.N.N.h |TO ALOT | 110 | 192.0.1.0 | 8/22 | 254 |
C | |OF | | to | | |
| |SMALL | | 223.225.254 | | |
| |CORPS | | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D | NONE |MULTI-CA|1110 | 224.0.0.0 | NOT FOR | UNKNOWN |
| |ST ADDR.| | to | USUAL | |
| |RFC-1112| |239.255.255.255| USE | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
E | NOT FOR|EXPERIME|1,1,1,1| 240.0.0.0 |NOT FOR| NOT FOR USE|
| USE |NTAL | | to |USE | |
| |ADDR. | |254.255.255.255| | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

N=NETWORK , h=HOST .



Notice the address range 127.X.X.X.
These addresses are assigned to internal use to the network device, and are
used as an application tool only. For example: 127.0.0.1, the most common one,
is called the loopback address - everything sent here goes directly back to
you, without even traveling out on the wire.
Also, some IPs are reserved for VPNs - Virtual Private Networks. These are
local area networks over wide area networks that use the Internet Protocol to
communicate, and each computer inside the network is assigned with an IP
address. So, suppose a certain computer wants to send a data packet to
another host on the network with the IP 'x', but there's also another host on
the Internet that has the same IP - what happens now? So this is why you
cannot use these and other forms of reserved IPs on the Internet.

EXTRA:

Distinguishing different groups:

You have to compare the first byte on the left in the address as follows:




Type | First byte | MSB
| in decimal |
----------------------------
A | 1-127 | 0
----------------------------
B | 128-191 | 10
----------------------------
C | 192-223 | 110
----------------------------
D | 224-239 | 1110
----------------------------
E | 240-254 | 1111
----------------------------


NOTES: Yes, we know, we've left A LOT of things unexplained in this text.
With time, we will write more tutorials to cover these and other subjects. So
in the meantime, I suggest that you go to http://blacksun.box.sk, find the
tutorials page and see if there's anything else that's interesting to you.
And remember - we also have a message board, so if you have any questions,
feel free to post them there.


weird shit (newbie note):

1) Multicast: (copied from RFC 1112)
IP multicasting is the transmission of an IP datagram to a "host
group", a set of zero or more hosts identified by a single IP
destination address. A multicast datagram is delivered to all
members of its destination host group with the same "best-efforts"
reliability as regular unicast IP datagrams, i.e., the datagram is
not guaranteed to arrive intact at all members of the destination
group or in the same order relative to other datagrams.

The membership of a host group is dynamic; that is, hosts may join
and leave groups at any time. There is no restriction on the
location or number of members in a host group. A host may be a
member of more than one group at a time. A host need not be a member
of a group to send datagrams to it.

A host group may be permanent or transient. A permanent group has a
well-known, administratively assigned IP address. It is the address,
not the membership of the group, that is permanent; at any time a
permanent group may have any number of members, even zero. Those IP
multicast addresses that are not reserved for permanent groups are
available for dynamic assignment to transient groups which exist only
as long as they have members.

Internetwork forwarding of IP multicast datagrams(ip packets)is handled by
"multicast routers" which may be co-resident with, or separate from,
internet gateways. A host transmits an IP multicast datagram as a
local network multicast which reaches all immediately-neighboring
members of the destination host group. If the datagram has an IP
time-to-live greater than 1, the multicast router(s) attached to the
local network take responsibility for forwarding it towards all other
networks that have members of the destination group. On those other
member networks that are reachable within the IP time-to-live, an
attached multicast router completes delivery by transmitting the
datagram(ip packet) as a local multicast.

*if you donot understand the above do not worry, it is complicated and dry
but reread it and read it again get a dictionary if it helps.
Hacking is not easy.

2) MSB: Most Significent Bit:
In set numbers the first number on the left is the most important because it
holds the highest value as opposed to the LSB=> least significent bit, it
always holds the the smallest value.
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Simple Tips For Speed Win Xp
08.14 | Author: Free 4 All
Since defragging the disk won't do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs. Best of all, most of them will cost you nothing.
  1. To decrease a system's boot time and increase system performance, use the money you save by not buying defragmentation software -- the built-in Windows defragmenter works just fine -- and instead equip the computer with an Ultra-133 or Serial ATA hard drive with 8-MB cache buffer.
  2. If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance.
  3. Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you're not sure, here's how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it's important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives.
  4. Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a "searchable keyword index." As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system.

The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP's built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for.

Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you're a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it.

Here's how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching." Next, apply changes to "C: subfolders and files," and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as "Access is denied"), click the Ignore All button.
  1. Update the PC's video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site.
  2. Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can "prefetch" portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That's fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete.
  3. Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here's how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button -- it's just to the right of the Capacity pie graph -- and delete all temporary files.
  4. In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to "DMA if available" for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel.
  5. Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support "cable select," the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear.
  6. Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page.
  7. Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here's how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don't want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine.
  8. Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel.
  9. Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here's how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer -- only its responsiveness.
  10. If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP.
  11. Visit Microsoft's Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion.
  12. Update the customer's anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability.
  13. Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts -- that is, anything over 500 -- will noticeably tax the system.
  14. Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP's NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called "D drive." You'll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won't be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won't need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data.
  15. Check the system's RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC's memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced.
  16. If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer's Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you'll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it's free.
  17. Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations.
  18. If you're sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to "Launch folder windows in a separate process," and enable this option. You'll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect.
  19. At least once a year, open the computer's cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you're in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site.


Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers' computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive.
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All About Trash And Germ Internet
02.54 | Author: Free 4 All
There are a lot of PC users that know little about "Spyware", "Mal-ware", "hijackers", "Dialers" & many more. This will help you avoid pop-ups, spammers and all those baddies.

What is spy-ware?
Spy-ware is Internet jargon for Advertising Supported software (Ad-ware). It is a way for shareware authors to make money from a product, other than by selling it to the users. There are several large media companies that offer them to place banner ads in their products in exchange for a portion of the revenue from banner sales. This way, you don't have to pay for the software and the developers are still getting paid. If you find the banners annoying, there is usually an option to remove them, by paying the regular licensing fee.

Known spywares
There are thousands out there, new ones are added to the list everyday. But here are a few:
Alexa, Aureate/Radiate, BargainBuddy, ClickTillUWin, Conducent Timesink, Cydoor, Comet Cursor, eZula/KaZaa Toptext, Flashpoint/Flashtrack, Flyswat, Gator, GoHip, Hotbar, ISTbar, Lions Pride Enterprises/Blazing Logic/Trek Blue, Lop (C2Media), Mattel Brodcast, Morpheus, NewDotNet, Realplayer, Songspy, Xupiter, Web3000, WebHancer, Windows Messenger Service.

How to check if a program has spyware?
The is this Little site that keeps a database of programs that are known to install spyware.

Check Here: :) = http://www.spywareguide.com/product_search.php

If you would like to block pop-ups (IE Pop-ups).
There tons of different types out there, but these are the 2 best, i think.

Try: Google Toolbar (http://toolbar.google.com/) This program is Free
Try: AdMuncher (http://www.admuncher.com) This program is Shareware

If you want to remove the "spyware" try these.
Try: Lavasoft Ad-Aware
(http://www.lavasoftusa.com/) This program is Free

Info: Ad-aware is a multi spyware removal utility, that scans your memory, registry and hard drives for known spyware components and lets you remove them. The included backup-manager lets you reinstall a backup, offers and multi language support.

Try: Spybot-S&D
(http://www.safer-networking.org/) This program is Free

Info: Detects and removes spyware of different kinds (dialers, loggers, trojans, user tracks) from your computer. Blocks ActiveX downloads, tracking cookies and other threats. Over 10,000 detection files and entries. Provides detailed information about found problems.

Try: BPS Spyware and Adware Remover
(http://www.bulletproofsoft.com/spyware-remover.html) This program is Shareware

Info: Adware, spyware, trackware and big brotherware removal utility with multi-language support. It scans your memory, registry and drives for known spyware and lets you remove them. Displays a list and lets you select the items you'd like to remove.

Try: Spy Sweeper v2.2
(http://www.webroot.com/wb/products/spysweeper/index.php) This program is Shareware

Info: Detects and removes spyware of different kinds (dialers, loggers, trojans, user tracks) from your computer.
The best scanner out there, and updated all the time.

Try: HijackThis 1.97.7
(http://www.spywareinfo.com/~merijn/downloads.html) This program is Freeware

Info: HijackThis is a tool, that lists all installed browser add-on, buttons, startup items and allows you to inspect them, and optionally remove selected items.


If you would like to prevent "spyware" being install.
Try: SpywareBlaster 2.6.1
(http://www.wilderssecurity.net/spywareblaster.html) This program is Free

Info: SpywareBlaster doesn`t scan and clean for so-called spyware, but prevents it from being installed in the first place. It achieves this by disabling the CLSIDs of popular spyware ActiveX controls, and also prevents the installation of any of them via a webpage.

Try: SpywareGuard 2.2
(http://www.wilderssecurity.net/spywareguard.html) This program is Free

Info: SpywareGuard provides a real-time protection solution against so-called spyware. It works similar to an anti-virus program, by scanning EXE and CAB files on access and alerting you if known spyware is detected.

Try: XP-AntiSpy
(http://www.xp-antispy.org/) This program is Free

Info: XP-AntiSpy is a small utility to quickly disable some built-in update and authentication features in WindowsXP that may rise security or privacy concerns in some people.

Try: SpySites
(http://camtech2000.net/Pages/SpySites_Prog...ml#SpySitesFree) This program is Free

Info: SpySites allows you to manage the Internet Explorer Restricted Zone settings and easily add entries from a database of 1500+ sites that are known to use advertising tracking methods or attempt to install third party software.

If you would like more Information about "spyware".
Check these sites.
http://www.spychecker.com/
http://www.spywareguide.com/
http://www.cexx.org/adware.htm
http://www.theinfomaniac.net
http://www.thiefware.com/links/
http://simplythebest.net/info/spyware.html

Comment For Better...
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How To Know Detail Email sender
08.09 | Author: Free 4 All
Your Moment read the enamel possible is only seen by information date, to, cc, bcc, subject and message. Though each;every enamel sent surely figure in the complete information like message id, mailer, ip address, etc.
If You wish to know the ip address of enamel consignor therewith isp used [by] You can read the tips in the following this.

Yahoo Mail :
  1. Login to Yahoo Mail
  2. Select;Choose one of enamel which wish the You check the
  3. Click menu or link Full Header which is located in right [of] under
  4. Article searching “ Received: from [...] by
  5. example of hereunder IP address is


Another Way

MS Outlook Express
  1. Open the program of Outlook Express.
  2. Right Click at one of enamel which wish the You check the.
  3. click of Menu Properties.
  4. Click the tab Detail.
If You have got the information of ip address hereinafter You can check the ISP used therewith its town. You can read the info at...

http://ip-adress.com/
|
Tutorial
08.46 | Author: Free 4 All
Overclook Firefox

To open the configuration in Firefox, type the address about: config in the Address bar, and then enter.
Change in the configuration parameters, such as below

Code:

browser.tabs.showSingleWindowModePrefs - true
network.http.max-connections - 64
network.http.max-connections-per-server - 20
network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-proxy - 10
network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-server - 4
network.http.pipelining - true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests - 100
network.http.proxy.pipelining - true
network.http.request.timeout - 300
nglayout.initialpaint.delay = 0
network.http.request.max-start-delay = 0
network.http.proxy.version = 1.0

No parameters that he is, right click select New POSTED
String value = To the letter include
= Integer value that contains the numbers
Boolean = value that contains 2 choices (Yes / No) or (True / False)

Next, Disable IPv6 in Firefox can also make page load Firefox

Code:

Network.dns.disableIPv6 = True

You can also tweak with a loved-fetched TEXT FILE, you name user.js Sure Sign to the profile folder (in Windows XP it may be in the Documents and Settings \ user name \ Application Data \ Mozilla \ Firefox \ Profiles \ (random name, a wiry satu2nya folder on it) / - Sure you can tweak Opera rich eight:

To improve the rendering speed to remove the delay
Code:

Cheshire ( "nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);

To eliminate the error message:
Code:

Cheshire ( "browser.xul.error_pages.enabled", true);

Tweaking the maximum connections and downloads that you can be in it (only for the broadband connection):
Code:

Cheshire ( "network.http.max-connections", 4Cool;
Cheshire ( "network.http.max-connections-per-server", 16);
Cheshire ( "network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-proxy", 16);
Cheshire ( "network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-server,"
Cool;

So .... for users of Dial-Up, I no longer tricks 1.
Open about: config in the address bar, and enter the parameters as follows:
Code:

browser.cache.memory.capacity: 65,536
browser.cache.disk_cache_ssl: true
browser.xul.error_pages.enabled: true
content.interrupt.parsing: true
content.max.tokenizing.time: 3000000
content.maxtextrun: 8,191
content.notify.backoffcount: 5
content.notify.interval: 750,000
content.notify.ontimer: true
content.switch.threshold: 750,000
network.http.max-connections: 32
network.http.max-connections-per-server: 8
network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-proxy: 8
network.http.max-Persistent-connections-per-server: 4
network.http.pipelining: true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests: 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining: true
nglayout.initialpaint.delay: 750
plugin.expose_full_path: true
signed.applets.codebase_principal_support: true



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Tutorial Hide Data
06.09 | Author: Free 4 All
Hide Secret Data With Invisible
Are there other people who also use your computer? Or if you have important data that you want to try to keep confidential? If yes, of course, you must secure the data. Various ways that can be used to secure the data, for example, a folder with the beauty, give your password to the folder, encryption, and others.

Invisible Secret offers data security with a slightly different way, namely by encrypt and hide files into an image file. Description such as this, for example, you have the image file (the file can be jpg or bmp), so you can hide the data ms word, excel, zip and other types of data in the image file.

After disisipi with various file tipe image file does not mean it will be damaged, but still can be seen as normal.
To hide the data by using the Secret Invisible way is as follows:
Run the software Invisible Secret.
Click the Next button.
Select the option "Encrypt and / or Hide file (s) in a carrier files, press the button Next.
Select the image file jpg or bmp format, which will be used to hide data, click the Next button.
Select the image file
In this step you must enter or select the file that will hide. Click the Add File button. You can hide some files at once. After you select a file, click the Next button.
choose file tipe that will be hidden
Enter a password that will be used to encrypt the data, press the button Next.

Enter password
Select a folder and name a new image file, press the button Next.

Select the folders and file names
Done
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